Citation Style Guides

Links to resources to help you format citations in the most commonly-used styles.

Chicago Style (18th edition)

While the Chicago Manual of Style (above) is now in the 2024 18th edition, several of the guides below are still in the 17th edition. Turabian (same formatting as Chicago) is still in the older 9th edition. One significant change: for book citations the new format is to avoid citing the city, thus: Eerdmans, 2025.

Official Chicago Style Quick Guide (18th edition)

Chicago Manual of Style (COMS) Guide - 18th Edition (note the distinction between the two Chicago formats: Notes and Bibliography and Author-Date)

Sample paper: (18th edition papers forthcoming)

The video above is first in a series of helpful short guides to the 18th edition. See the full list to the right, or just let each video play in turn.

Turabian (9th edition) - Essentially the same as Chicago Style, 17th ed.

The Turabian format style guidelines are still in the 9th edition, and thus links below reflect older formatting. For more up to date guidance and formatting samples, see the Chicago guides above.

The standard manual for Turabian Style is
Turabian, Kate L.  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Ninth Edition (2018).

Note that there are actually two Turabian styles:

  • Author-Date (also described as Reference List) - Uses short form citations in text rather than footnotes or endnotes; bibliographic citations have unique format features.
  • Notes (also described as Humanities or Bibliography) - Uses footnotes or endnotes; bibliographic citations have unique format features.

Official Turabian Style Quick Guide

Chicago vs. Turabian Differences

What is the difference between Chicago and Turabian?

Essentially the two styles are the same, but there are some differences in style manuals:

The Chicago Manual of Style is designed for professionals in the field who are publishing and has a great deal of instruction on formatting and many other things. Turabian is a pared-down version designed for students writing research papers. 

Thus, if you see a citation in "Chicago Style" it is also in Turabian style.